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The Disillusionment of “the American Dream”——On The Great Gatsby
Abstract
弗·司各特·菲茨杰拉德是二十世纪二十年代美国文坛上杰出的作家，素有“爵士时代”的代言人和桂冠诗人的称号。他那充满名利及浪漫，忧郁而又短暂的一生不仅为其作品提供了最生动的创作素材，而且也成为美国战后整个“迷惘的一代”悲惨命运的缩影。菲茨杰拉德的作品为人们生动的再现了爵士时代的生活气息和社会风貌。小说《了不起的盖茨比》被公认为是他最优秀的作品。评论界普遍将它看作是一部关于二十世纪二十年代年代美国社会现实的小说。小说展示了菲茨杰拉德对爵士时代生活中的失意感和矛盾的情绪。在《了不起的盖茨比》中展示的金色世界里，流淌的主题是爵士时代道德废墟和颓废以及个人责任感的缺乏。生活在这种氛围里的盖茨比，他的命运不可避免地打上了社会意识的烙印。
本论文从人物分析着手，从社会、历史、以及作者自身的经历和世界观等多方面探讨导致主人公盖茨比梦毁人亡的根源所在。
本文分成四个部分，引论部分主要介绍了菲茨杰拉德的个人生平背景以及小说创作时所处的社会历史背景。
第二部分探讨了美国梦对菲茨杰拉德的影响。这部小说一自被认为是一部半自转型的小说，因此，从社会的角度来探讨作者的个人经历和强调其与小说之间的联系是很重要的。
第三部分分析了盖茨比美国梦破灭的原因，主要包括两方面:自身原因和社会原因。盖茨比在实现了金钱的梦想之后，希-望能够和黛西重温过去，而他的以黛西为实体的梦想实际上是不存在的。天真和盲口的性格也决定了盖茨比的失败。他认为只要有足够的钱就能赢回黛西，但是他缺乏批判的眼光，没有认识到黛西和汤姆所属的社会根本就是不接受他的。在残酷社会里的不平等的社会地位也是盖茨比失败的一个很重要的原因。表面上盖茨比与黛西的重聚是辉煌，韦实上是盖茨比命运完结的开始。盖茨比与汤姆的冲突实际上是两个阶级的对抗:新富与贵族。冲突的结果是盖茨比的死亡。
结论部分总结了盖茨比梦想幻灭的必然产生不仅有其深刻的社会历史原因，而且与其个人性格中的自我毁灭因素也是分不开的。通过分析我们可以看出盖茨比追梦的历史渊源和实质，盖茨比性格中的天真单纯和不谙世故以及以汤姆、黛西为代表的美国社会的冷酷无情和道德沦丧。这些从根本上决定了盖茨比的失败与毁灭。本文主要通过人物分析来分析作品的主题，并将二者有机的统一起来，意在较全面深刻地解读作品的内涵。
关键词: 菲茨杰拉德 了不起的 盖茨比 美国梦 幻灭
Abstract
F·Scott Fitzgerald, the famous American novelist in the 20th century, is known as the spokesman and laureate of the “Jazz Age” America, whose works give us an accurate picture of the aura of the American twenties. The Great Gatsby is thought to be his finest work. It is generally viewed among critics that it is a novel about the American society in the 1920s.
This thesis, in the introduction, it shows a contradictory mood and a sense of failure about the life of the Jazz Age Fitzgerald perceived.
In the second part the writer gives the background of the novel. Gatsby lives in the time of the American dream and is influenced deeply by the dream. The writer of the thesis tries to illustrate the negative effect and corruption of the American dream in the modern society, and explore the origins and essence of Gatsby’s dream. He works honestly and hard, but he does not get riches as what the values and ethics tell him; on the contrary, he succeeds in material wealth by the illegal means. Gatsby, a farmer’s son, who is misled by the false consciousness, wants to win back his lost lover, Daisy, who has an aristocratic birth. He is doomed to fall into the trap of bourgeoisie ideology and become its victim.
The third part analyzes the disillusionment of Gatsby’s American dream. The analysis includes two aspects: the pursuit for the unworthy love, naivety and innocence in Gatsby’s character. Gatsby believes the possibility of repeating the past and regain Daisy after he succeeds in material wealth, but has never come to see that he is never to be accepted into the exclusive club of the wealthy to which Daisy and Tom belong. Gatsby is eventually destroyed by his own self-destructive nature .The other aspect explores the unequal social position in the cruel society. It is also one of the important reasons to push Gatsby towards the failure. On the surface, Gatsby’s reunion with Daisy is glorious, but in fact, it is the beginning of Gatsby’s end. The conflict between Tom and Gatsby is virtually a conflict between the two classes: the new rich and the established rich. The result of the conflict is Gatsby’s death.
Finally comes the conclusion. By exploring the origins and essential nature and disillusionment of Gatsby’s dream, the naivety and innocence in his personality and the cruelty of the Jazz Age society epitomized by the ruthless and immoral Buchanans, a combination of these elements defines Gatsby’s failure and destruction in the end. Theme discussion in this paper is basically done through character analysis, which aims for better understanding of the connotation of the novel.
Key words: Fitzgerald; Great; Gatsby; American dream; disillusionment;
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